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Neurology Example 1: Neurostimulation: Hearing Loss

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Table of Contents
 

(A small sampling of results from a December 18, 2006 to January 12, 2007 MIB Abstract Alert search)

Archived Abstracts

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Summary
Advanced Bionics
Cochlear Implant & Advanced Bionics
Abstract Title Lead Author Publication Pub Date

Music perception with cochlear implants and residual hearing.

Gfeller KE Audiology & Neurotology 12/31/06
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Neurostimulation & Advanced Bionics
Neuromodulation & Advanced Bionics
Abstract Title Lead Author Publication Pub Date

Boston Scientific Corporation at JPMorgan 25th Annual Healthcare Conference - Final

Waltham Fair Disclosure Wire 1/9/07
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Clarion & Advanced Bionics
Abstract Title Lead Author Publication Pub Date

Revision surgeries in cochlear implant patients: a review of 45 cases.

Migirov L Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 1/1/07
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HiResolution Bionic ear & Advanced Bionics
HiRes 90k & Advanced Bionics
HiRes Auria & Advanced Bionics
Cochlear Corporation
Cochlear Implant & Cochlear Corporation
Neurostimulation & Cochlear Corporation
Neuromodulation & Cochlear Corporation
Nucleus & Cochlear Corporation
Freedom & Cochlear Corporation

Smartsound & Cochlear Corporation

Vibrant Med El
Cochlear Implant & Vibrant Med El
Abstract Title Lead Author Publication Pub Date

Ipsilateral electric acoustic stimulation of the auditory system: results of long-term hearing preservation.

Gstoettner WK Audiology & Neurotology 12/31/06
Opinions on cochlear implant use in senior MED-EL patients. Anderson I Journal for Oto - Rhino - Laryngology and Its Related Specialties 12/31/06
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Neurostimulation & Vibrant Med El
Neuromodulation & Vibrant Med El
Soundbridge & Vibrant Med El
Abstract Title Lead Author Publication Pub Date

HEARING LOSS; Findings from University Hospital advance knowledge in hearing loss

None Given Hospital Business Week 1/7/07
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PULSARCI & Vibrant Med El
SmartSystem & Vibrant Med El

Fine Hearing & Vibrant Med El

Pacific Aerospace and Electronics (PA&E)
Cochlear Implant & PA&E
Neurostimulation & PA&E
Neuromodulation & PA&E
Cochlear Implant
Hearing Loss
Cochlear Implant & Hearing Loss
Abstract Title Lead Author Publication Pub Date

Implication of central asymmetry in speech processing on selecting the ear for cochlear implantation.

Morris LG Otol Neurotol 1/1/07
Scanning for the scanner: FMRI of audition by read-out omissions from echo-planar imaging. Bartsch AJ Neuroimage 12/22/06
Enamel defects and ectopic eruption in a child with Usher syndrome and a cochlear implant. Balmer R Int J Paediatr De 1/1/07
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Neurostimulation & Hearing Loss
Neuromodulation & Hearing Loss
Inner Ear
Surgery & Inner Ear
Abstract Title Lead Author Publication Pub Date

Sigmoid sinus diverticulum: a new surgical approach to the correction of pulsatile tinnitus.

Otto KJ Otol Neurotol 1/1/07
Intracranial aspergillosis involving the internal auditory canal and inner ear in an immunocompetent patient. Cho YS AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1/1/07
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Cochlear Implant & Inner Ear
Abstract Title Lead Author Publication Pub Date

Neurotrophin and Trk neurotrophin receptors in the inner ear of Salmo salar and Salmo trutta.

Catania S J Anat. 1/1/07
Dan is required for normal morphogenesis and patterning in the developing chick inner ear. Yamanishi T Dev Growth Differ. 1/1/07
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Neurostimulation & Inner Ear
Neuromodulation & Inner Ear
Full Abstracts
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Advanced Bionics
Cochlear Implant & Advanced Bionics

Music perception with cochlear implants and residual hearing.

Audiology & Neurotology [NLM - MEDLINE]. 2006. Vol. 11 Supplement 1 pg. 12

Gfeller KE, Olszewski C, Turner C, Gantz B, Oleson J

Aim: The aims of this study were to examine the music perception abilities of Cochlear Nucleus Hybrid (acoustic plus electric stimulation) cochlear implant (CI) recipients and to compare their performance with that of normal-hearing (NH) adults and CI recipients using conventional long-electrode (LE) devices (Advanced Bionics: 90K, Clarion, CIIHF; Cochlear Corporation: CI24M, CI22, Contour; Ineraid). Hybrid CI recipients were compared with NH adults and LE CI recipients on recognition of (a) real-world melodies and (b) musical instruments. Patients and Methods: We tested 4 Hybrid CI recipients, 17 NH adults, and 39 LE CI recipients on open-set recognition of real-world songs presented with and without lyrics. We also tested 14 Hybrid CI recipients, 21 NH adults, and 174 LE CI recipients on closed-set recognition of 8 musical instruments playing a 7-note phrase. Results: On recognition of real-world songs, both the Hybrid recipients and NH listeners were significantly more accurate (p < 0.0001) than the LE CI recipients in the no lyrics condition, which required reliance on musical cues only. The LE group was significantly less accurate than either the Hybrid or NH group (p < 0.0001) on instrument recognition for low and high frequency ranges. Conclusions: These results, while preliminary in nature, suggest that preservation of low-frequency acoustic hearing is important for perception of real-world musical stimuli. Copyright (c) 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel.

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Neurostimulation & Advanced Bionics

Neuromodulation & Advanced Bionics

Boston Scientific Corporation at JPMorgan 25th Annual Healthcare Conference - Final

Fair Disclosure Wire. Waltham: Jan 9, 2007. pg. n/a

LARRY BEST, CFO, EVP FINANCE & ADMINISTRATION, BOSTON SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION: Throughout the presentation, I most likely will be making some forward-looking comments, so the typical Safe Harbor clauses apply. As most of you know, some of you have been following us for over a decade, I always start off with a report on sales and the strategic build of Boston Scientific; so today is no different.

We are very proud of what we have been able to accomplish over the last 10 years. If you look closely, roughly over the last decade, we built the Company at the top line almost ninefold. Throughout that period of time, we have had a number of different chapters. Our first several chapters had to do with becoming the world leader in catheter-based interventions. We achieved that.

Second goal was to somehow get into the microelectronics market; so not only have a catheter franchise but have the microelectronics franchise for implantables. It took us a while to get in. 2004 was our first entree with the acquisition of Advanced Bionics. We now are a player, a big player, and leader in neuromodulation. Then we went forward less than a year ago and of course acquired big-time into microelectronics by acquiring Guidant's cardiac rhythm management business.

So it is exciting to be a part of Boston Scientific. As you can see just from the chart, there is never a dull moment and we continue to look forward to building long-term shareholder value and a very diversified premier global device Company.

On the estimate in 2006, roughly $7.8 billion next year; I have the long-range on there around $8.7 billion with roughly 29,000 employees.

So we have never been better positioned strategically. Our strategic map is very full. We are in the sweet spot of medical device, the medical device world, in that we are basic, fundamental in cardiac rhythm management, with a number-two position in ICDs, high-power market; and of course, in the interventional cardiology space we are clearly number one. The number one in DES and now also number one outside of drug-eluting stents.

If you count the numbers up, about 80% of the Company today is cardiovascular. We are one of the and probably will be the largest cardiovascular medical device company in the world.

But we also have exciting opportunities in the underpenetrated market in neuromodulation. I will say a little bit more about that.

And of course you see that 17% of our Company is endosurgery. It is the most predictable part of Boston Scientific. It just is like a Timex watch, it just keeps on ticking, keep on growing double digits. It is a wonderful business. In gets lost a bit in a cardiovascular Company, but it is near and dear to our heart in terms of growth and strategic outlook in terms of diversification.

You can see the breadth of our business today. We're one of the most diversified players in med tech. High-margin business and in high-growth markets. They stall every once in a while, as you can see; the CRM market has stalled a little bit. The drug-eluting stent market, which in the history of medical devices is the most -- the biggest successful market in such a short period of time, it stalled a little bit. But they are the sweet spots in medical devices.

We have three operating groups and 12 growth segments or franchises.

If you look at our position in cardiovascular medicine, again, probably the most richest place to be. We're number one in interventional cardiology, and we're number two in the high-power market. Hope to be number two in cardiac rhythm management in toto, after we recover a bit from fixing some of the things we had to fix in the Guidant postacquisition.

We have only been in the CRM market or business for nine months. In the last nine months we have made a lot of lot of progress. We look forward to leadership in this space in the years ahead.

You can see the other players. No one has a set of cards like ours. We think we have the best cards to play off of over the next five to 10 years. We have got the right people, right technology, and the market opportunity is definitely there.

A little bit about 2007 as we break open the new year, what are our priorities. '06 was a big year for us in terms of strategic build. Now things are settling in, and here is what we're focused on in 2007.

First and clearly, our top priority is to satisfy the FDA with the quality of what we do at Boston Scientific. We're making great strides. Our goal is by the end of the year to have all of our warning letters lifted. We are on our way to do that, hopefully sometime in the second half of 2007. Once we get the warning letters lifted, it frees up a lot of pipeline. And we are excited about our pipeline; it's very deep, very broad. You will be seeing new launches hopefully by the end of this year.

We're going to focus on the balance sheet in 2007. We want to reduce the debt that we acquired or associated with the acquisition of Guidant. We clearly have more debt than we would like. I don't like the leverage we have. We have a little too much risk in the balance sheet. I plan to do -- propose some ideas to solve that in the next six, nine months, and you'll be hearing about that.

Focus on spending discipline. This is now religion at Boston Scientific. We're taking a timeout. We're looking at every process that we have within the Company. We're looking at every organization within the Company. We can't think of a better time to get our spending where it should be. This is driven by an interest in being world-class. We now are approaching a $9 billion global size of business. We owe it to our shareholders to not only be one of the largest global leaders in medical devices, but also world-class in terms of operating and profitability.

So spending discipline. We are tearing, literally tearing the place apart, if you will, through an analysis, piece by piece. We're going to get the spend down, and we are going to get lean, and we're going to have world-class operations throughout the Company. It's not going to happen tomorrow. It will take a year or two, but it will happen.

That will help us strengthen the balance sheet. I think you will see progress over the next 24 months on the balance sheet. We took on a lot of debt when we acquired Guidant. We thought it was transforming for the Company. We did it. But we have a very high priority in getting our balance sheet in the shape it should be in order to position ourselves for growth and continue to invest in the business.

And we are preparing for a reacceleration of growth across the board. All of our businesses are extremely healthy. The drug-eluting stent market is healthy. The CRM market is recovering, and we like what we see.

A little bit about CRM. CRM market has been one of the richest markets to be in. You can see in 2000-2004, it grew about 16% compound annual growth. With some recalls in the industry, and a lot of them from Guidant, safety became a concern. It stunted the market a bit, and now we have to recover off that.

There is no question, at least we don't believe there is a question in terms of the recovery of the ICD market, especially. The data is just too compelling. The therapy is just too outstanding. We expect that this market will recover very nicely. But is going to take a little time. But you saw it in the fourth quarter a bit.

CRM, we think will continue to -- will get back to and recover to a double-digit rate of growth.

ICDs, defibrillators, a sweet spot. Last 2000-2004 grew compound annual growth rate of high 20s. It has been stunted a bit with the activities and controversies of the past 12 to 16 months. We think it is on its way back up to double-digit growth, and we think we are in a nice position to grow off the base that we establish here as we enter 2007.

What is our strategy within Boston Scientific cardiac rhythm management? Very simply, we have to restore the trust and confidence that we lost with the Guidant CRM business. There was a lot of stubbing of toes, quality issues. We are full-court press on restoring that confidence. You restore it first and foremost with quality of what you put out there in the physician's hands. We think we have come a long way; we have got a long way to go.

But the restoring the confidence is already starting to -- beginning. We saw it in the fourth quarter. We felt that we were hitting bottom in the third quarter. We are optimistic about the fourth quarter, assuming the recovery in the market continues. We have the right people, we have the right technology, and we think we're going to do very well.

Once we regain that, restore that confidence, we will start regaining share and taking back some of the share we lost. We think that that is something that we will have to work hard on, because obviously the other competitors won't want us to take share. But we have strategies in place, we have pipeline in place, and we have a team in place that I think will serve to be successful in regaining our market share.

Then, after that, or a part of that, is moving for leadership. We don't like to be number two or number three in any market. Our goal is only -- we only have one goal, be number one. It takes a while. You build it long. A long and hard work, but you can do it.

In 1994, I stood before an audience like this and said, we are going to be number one in interventional cardiology, and nobody could believe that. But we achieved that. In 1999, 1998, '99, I said we're going to be a leader in drug-eluting stents. Nobody really believed that. They thought we were going to be fifth or sixth. We're a clear leader. We demonstrated our ability to lead and we expect to do that in the cardiac rhythm management market.

Warning letter at CRM; it is an overhang. It is all about quality. We are very proud of the progress that the Boston cardiac rhythm management force has put forth in terms of improving quality, giving us confidence and our customers confidence that we have quality in everything that goes out the door. We invited the FDA in. Very proud to invite them in. They have been in, they have performed their inspections, they have been completed. We are waiting word from them on clearance of the warning letter. I did not know what the timing will be.

In terms of restoring product cadence, I don't have time to go into the entire pipeline, but it's safe to say across the board we have a rich pipeline. We think we really have a strategic advantage with our LATITUDE, our wireless monitoring capability. We think it is simply the best monitoring technology out there. It is in its infancy, and we expect to gain market share with leveraging our LATITUDE technology. We could not be more thrilled with the pipeline behind the LATITUDE platform.

Our first product that will actually have Boston Scientific implanted on it will be a [Cognis] product; and this is the future of Boston Scientific. We plan to be in cardiac rhythm management for a long time. We plan to be a leader. How long it is going to take us to become number one in cardiac rhythm management is up for guessing. But make no mistake, we are not in the market to be number two or number three.

Neuromodulation, a great underpenetrated opportunity, probably the richest opportunity outside of cardiac rhythm management over the next five to 10 years. It is going from here, early in the 2000 period, a couple hundred million to hopefully in 2009 to a $2.5 billion market. We like the market a lot. We did our homework. We bought Advanced Bionics and we simply bet -- we think we purchased the best platform in the space. It is broad and deep, and we look forward to continuing to grow our neuromodulation business into a $1 billion plus franchise.

You can see we are already -- we have had a good start. We started in the pain market just literally less than 36 months ago. Medtronic had 70% market share. You can see quarter by quarter how successful we were. Now, you don't gain this success by not having great technology and great people. We have both. And you can see the progress that we have made. Every quarter we take share simply because we have the best technology and some of the best people. We continue to think that we're going to be a leader in the pain market.

If you look at auditory market, there's only two big players. We're one of them. We are number two right now. Our goal is to be number one. But it's a nice market. It has the opportunity to get into probably achieving 500 or $600 million in market size, oh, five or so years from now, with new technology and some of the things we have in our pipeline.

Then, one of the projects of many projects we're working on in the neurostimulation area is treatment of migraines with a pulse generator. We are in humans; so far so good. It is a big market opportunity. We think we have an opportunity to hit it with our first product called Precision. So we will keep you up-to-date there, but a lot of growth opportunities in neuromodulation. We really expect that our neuromodulation strategy will result in a franchise north of $1 billion or $2 billion sooner than what people might think.

Just a little history of how successful we have been. We acquired Advanced Bionics into Boston Scientific in 2004. It was in the 60 to $70 million range. It turned out at the end of the year to have $80 million in sales. In 2005, we grew it substantially; and you can see 2007 estimate is for it to be a 315 to $330 million business. Compound annual growth in pain management has been 157%. Compounded annual growth in auditory has been 20%.

We really like this space. And this is only two of probably 20 different opportunities that are rich in neurostimulation. More to come on our neuromodulation strategy in the years ahead. We like where we are in that market.

In terms of DES, simply revolutionary technology. Never in the history of medical devices has there been anything like a drug-eluting stent. Keep in mind in 2004 -- I think it was 2004 -- we launched our TAXUS stent. We added to our top line in 2005 $2.1 billion in 12 months. No other company has ever done that, no pharma company has ever done that with a leading drug. We did it with TAXUS, and now we are burdened by it. We are burdened by our success. But if you're going to have a problem, have one like that. It is a luxury.

The technology is revolutionary. You can see in treatment of cardiovascular disease, the restenosis rate, the failure rates all have come down from the old days of balloon angioplasty. So it simply is revolutionary.

Most importantly is the data; the data is so compelling on the safety and efficacy of TAXUS. Make no mistake; there's been a lot of perceptions, misperceptions about drug-eluting stents. Make no mistake; our data is long-term data and it is just simply outstanding and best of class.

A little bit about the market dynamics. When we launched, first off, we launched as number two in the U.S. Most people gave us an opportunity to get 30% of the market. We ended up with 70% of the market in the first 12 months. Now we are down in the 50s, but we continue to lead the market in the United States and the world where we participate. We have an over $2 billion product line at very attractive margins.

We expect to sustain leadership in drug-eluting stents. We simply have the best pipeline, the best sales force, and the best opportunity, we think.

What we're doing right now in 2007 is reinforcing the TAXUS safety with the wealth of clinical data that we have. We're going to reinforce the deliverability; and of course we're going to demonstrate our pipeline by launching the second=generation Liberte, TAXUS Liberte, hopefully by the end of the year.

Japan, big opportunity. Second-largest market in the world for medical devices. We are not in it. We will be in it, if everything goes well, second half of 2007. We expect to do well. We expect to lead in that market. We expect to have a $300 million business in 2008 for the full year. TAXUS should do extremely well. This is all upside to our DES business in 2007.

We're the only company that has two offerings in terms of two platforms, two drugs. We offer the world-leading, global-leading TAXUS with paclitaxel; and we also now have PROMUS, which has been launched in Europe, in a very limited way thus far. So we have PROMUS with everolimus, and I think many of you may have heard of the Abbott presentation today. It looks like an outstanding technology, an outstanding drug, an outstanding chemistry.

We can offer to our customers both PROMUS/the XIENCE platform; or TAXUS paclitaxel which has long-term safety and efficacy data attached to it. No other company is in that position. Our toughest competitor probably in the next three years will be Abbott, and we have what Abbott has. So it is not a bad position to be in. We are aggressively iterating PROMUS to our own platform in terms of stent delivery systems and balloons. We look forward to having that in the market in the years to come.

This is our pipeline; I don't have time to go through the whole pipeline, but it's safe to say if I lined our pipeline up with any of the other competitors, or want-to-be competitors in this market, no one has the depth and breadth of drug-eluting stent technology. No one has a position of leadership to iterate from and to execute from. We're simply the best positioned to sustain leadership and growth in the drug-eluting stent market in the years ahead.

Carotid market. We don't spend a lot of time talking about it. Let me spend a couple seconds. It is a great market. It is going to be a big market. It has been 10 years-plus in the making. We think by 2011 it will be somewhere between 500 and $750 million. We expect to be the number one player in carotid stenting. We are not in it to be number two. We think we have the best technology. We just acquired a company called EndoTex in the last -- well, since -- I think it was the first week in January, last week. It simply could be the leader in carotid stenting. We like our other platform also. So far in Europe we have a leadership position. We expect to see that also in the U.S.

We have the next stent that we acquired [in] and we have been involved with that for years now. We have the WALLSTENT, and as I mentioned we're doing very well with the WALLSTENT in Europe and now in the U.S., once we get approval this year.

A little bit in closing in my remarks, I want to tell you about a business that is captured within the cardiovascular business -- but how good is this? The simply is our endosurgery group. This is its record over the past eight, nine years. It is the most predictable medical device franchise, I think, in the space. It grows double digits. It is driven by demographics, it is broad, and it is diverse.

If you break it down into the three operating groups, oncology, urology, gynecology, and endoscopy, you can see -- not a weak link. They all grow. It is like it is driven by demographics and new technology. It is a great opportunity, it's a great part of Boston Scientific, and we couldn't be more pleased to have it as part of Boston Scientific.

This franchise will become not only a $2 billion franchise; this franchise and group will become a $3 billion franchise or group in the years to come. The pipeline is pretty full, as you can see. I don't have time to go over it. But our endosurgery group provides additional diversification for Boston Scientific and predictability.

Simply stated, we have never been better positioned to grow over the long term. We are excited about the future, we're excited about the markets we are in. We're going to shore up the balance sheet.

We're going to take a hard look at our spending levels to show greater profitability. We already have one of the most profitable medical devices in the world, but there is money on the table. You will hear more about that. And we will continue to grow Boston Scientific for many years to come. Thank you very much.

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Clarion & Advanced Bionics

Revision surgeries in cochlear implant patients: a review of 45 cases.

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2007 Jan;264(1):3-7. Epub 2006 Sep 29.

Migirov L, Taitelbaum-Swead R, Hildesheimer M, Kronenberg J.


Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, 5262l, Israel, smigirov@leumit.co.il.

The aim of this study was to analyze the causes for revision procedures, surgical findings and audiological outcome in reoperated cochlear implant patients. The medical records of 45 patients were reviewed retrospectively for age at the time of implantation, the implant was used for initial and revision surgeries, the duration of implant use before revision, surgical findings, and postoperative audiological results. Generally, children were reoperated more often than adults (12.5 vs. 6.9%) and, with one exception of improper electrode insertion, there were no major post-revision complications. Device failure (DF) was the main cause for revision surgery (23/45) followed by wound/flap problems, magnet/receiver-stimulator displacement, foreign body/allergic reaction, subperiosteal abscess, misplaced electrode, intractable vertigo, cholesteatoma and extrusion of the positioner. No significant difference was found in the rate of DF between children and adults for each implant separately (P = 0.289 for Nucleus 22, P = 0.355 for Nucleus 24, P = 0.683 for Clarion and P = 1.0 for Med-El). The failure rates of different implants did not differed significantly among adults. DF in the Clarion group was significantly higher compared to the Nucleus and Med-El combined for pediatric patients (P = 0.0218) and all CI recipients (adults + children; P = 0.0055). The post-revision audiological benefit was unchanged or improved compared to the initial implantation values in all reimplanted patients and was not influenced by minor surgical procedures (wound revision, drainage of any collection, magnet replacement, or relocation of receiver-stimulator). Since DF was found to be the most common cause for reoperation, improving device technology could prevent the vast majority of revision procedures.

PreMedline Identifier: 17009020

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HiResolution Bionic ear & Advanced Bionics
HiRes 90k & Advanced Bionics
HiRes Auria & Advanced Bionics
Cochlear Corporation
Cochlear Implant & Cochlear Corporation

Neurostimulation & Cochlear Corporation

Neuromodulation & Cochlear Corporation
Nucleus & Cochlear Corporation
Freedom & Cochlear Corporation
Smartsound & Cochlear Corporation
Vibrant Med El
Cochlear Implant & Vibrant Med El

Ipsilateral electric acoustic stimulation of the auditory system: results of long-term hearing preservation.

Audiology & Neurotology [NLM - MEDLINE]. 2006. Vol. 11 Supplement 1 pg. 12

Gstoettner WK, Helbig S, Maier N, Kiefer J, Radeloff A, Adunka OF

Objective: To evaluate long-term ipsilateral hearing preservation in patients who underwent cochlear implantation for the combined electric acoustic stimulation of the auditory system. Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted at a tertiary referral center. Twenty-three subjects were implanted with the MED-EL C40+ standard or C40+ medium electrode using an atraumatic surgical protocol via an anterior-inferior cochleostomy approach. The desired insertion depth was 18-24 mm or 360 degrees . All patients showed significant low-frequency hearing prior to surgery and monosyllabic word scores did not exceed 40% in the best aided condition. Pure-tone audiometry was performed prior to implantation and at distinct intervals after surgery. Results: Nine patients (39.1%) showed complete pure-tone audiometric hearing preservation (0-10 dB) over an average of 29 months. Seven subjects (30.4%) showed partial preservation of residual hearing (hearing loss 15-40 dB) until an average of 25 months. Delayed loss of residual hearing was observed in 5 cases (21.7%) and 2 patients (8.6%) completely lost residual hearing during or immediately after surgery. Freiburger Monosyllabic word understanding scores in a group of patients with complete hearing preservation increased from 13.1% preoperatively to 75% in the electric acoustic stimulation condition. Conclusion: This study documents that complete and partial preservation of ipsilateral hearing after cochlear implantation can be achieved in about 70% of cases over an average period of 27.25 months when using 360 degrees electrode insertions. Copyright (c) 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel.

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Opinions on cochlear implant use in senior MED-EL patients.

ORL : Journal for Oto - Rhino - Laryngology and Its Related Specialties [NLM - MEDLINE]. 2006. Vol. 68, Iss. 5; pg. 283

Anderson I, D'Haese PS, Pitterl M

This study assessed the subjective benefits of cochlear implants in senior patients wearing a MED-EL device. Data was compared with previous studies to assess the influence of recent speech-coding strategies and behind-the-ear speech processors; users of the behind-the-ear device and the body-worn device were also compared. An adaptation of the Nucleus 22-channel survey was sent to 141 cochlear implant users. The survey assesses perception of the device, communication benefits, handling the device and quality of life. Ninety-five surveys were returned. Results demonstrate that advanced technology provides greater benefit now than 9-13 years ago, notably: improved listening across noise, better understanding on the telephone and better speech perception. Users of the behind-the-ear device did not report more difficulties than body-worn device users but demonstrated better performance. Results show a positive outcome for cochlear implantation in a MED-EL seniors group.

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Neurostimulation & Vibrant Med El

Neuromodulation & Vibrant Med El
Soundbridge & Vibrant Med El

HEARING LOSS; Findings from University Hospital advance knowledge in hearing loss

Hospital Business Week January 7, 2007

Researchers detail in "A new implantable middle ear hearing device for mixed hearing loss: A feasibility study in human temporal bones," new data in hearing loss. In this recent report published in the journal Otology & Neurotology, researchers in Switzerland conducted a study "To assess the feasibility of a new, active middle ear device in temporal bones (TB). This device is designed for patients with mixed hearing loss subsequent to chronic middle ear infection, surgery, or trauma. This Bell-Vibroplasty is built from a VIBRANT MED-EL Vibrant Soundbridge and a Kurz Bell titanium partial ossicular replacement prosthesis."

"In three fresh TBs, healthy and reconstructed middle ears were analyzed by means of laser Doppler interferometry. The sound transmission properties of a partial ossicular replacement prosthesis and a passive and an active Bell-Vibroplasty were compared with healthy middle ear function. The measurements provided reliable results with small standard deviations and good signal-to-noise ratios. The performance levels of the partial ossicular replacement prosthesis and of the passive Bell-Vibroplasty were comparable with that of healthy middle ear function. The activated Bell-Vibroplasty provided linear function and a flat frequency response within the measured frequency range (500 Hz-8 kHz), with peak deviations of less than 10 dB. The maximum output of the Bell-Vibroplasty was equivalent to 125-dB sound pressure level. Bell-Vibroplasty is feasible in TBs," wrote A.M. Huber and colleagues, University Hospital.

The researchers concluded: "Bell-Vibroplasty performance in TBs is sufficient to allow for a clinical trial as a next step."

Huber and colleagues published their study in Otology & Neurotology (A new implantable middle ear hearing device for mixed hearing loss: A feasibility study in human temporal bones. Otology & Neurotology, 2006;27(8):1104-9).

For additional information, contact A.M. Huber, University Hospital of Zurich, Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Switzerland.

The publisher's contact information for the journal Otology & Neurotology is: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 530 Walnut St., Philadelphia, PA 19106-3621, USA.

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PULSARCI & Vibrant Med El
SmartSystem & Vibrant Med El
Fine Hearing & Vibrant Med El
Pacific Aerospace and Electronics (PA&E)
Cochlear Implant & PA&E

Neurostimulation & PA&E

Neuromodulation & PA&E
Cochlear Implant
Hearing Loss
Cochlear Implant & Hearing Loss

Implication of central asymmetry in speech processing on selecting the ear for cochlear implantation.

Otol Neurotol. 2007 Jan;28(1):25-30.

Morris LG, Mallur PS, Roland JT Jr, Waltzman SB, Lalwani AK.


Department of Otolaryngology and Cochlear Implant Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.

OBJECTIVE: Emerging evidence in auditory neuroscience suggests that central auditory pathways process speech asymmetrically. In concert with left cortical specialization for speech, a "right-ear advantage" in speech perception has been identified. The purpose of this study is to determine if this central asymmetry in speech processing has implications for selecting the ear for cochlear implantation. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Academic university medical center PATIENTS: One hundred one adults with bilateral severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss INTERVENTION: Cochlear implantation with the Nucleus 24 Contour device. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Patients were divided into two groups according to the ear implanted. Results were compared between left-ear- and right-ear-implanted patients. Further subgroup analysis was undertaken, limited to right-handed patients. Postoperative improvement on audiograms and scores on speech perception tests (Hearing in Noise test, City University of New York in quiet and in noise test, Consonant-Vowel Nucleus- Consonant words, and phonemes) at 1 year was compared between groups. Analysis of covariance was used to control for any intergroup differences in preoperative characteristics. RESULTS: The groups were matched in age, duration of hearing loss, duration of hearing aid use, percentage implanted in the better hearing ear, and preoperative audiologic testing. Postoperatively, there were no differences between left-ear- and right-ear-implanted patients in improvement on speech recognition tests. CONCLUSION: Despite central asymmetry in speech processing, our data do not support a right-ear advantage in speech perception outcomes with cochlear implantation. Therefore, among the many factors in choosing the ear for cochlear implantation, central asymmetry in speech processing does not seem to be a contributor to postoperative speech recognition outcomes.

PreMedline Identifier: 17195742

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Scanning for the scanner: FMRI of audition by read-out omissions from echo-planar imaging.

Neuroimage. 2006 Dec 22; [Epub ahead of print]

Bartsch AJ, Homola G, Thesen S, Sahmer P, Keim R, Beckmann CF, Biller A, Knaus C, Bendszus M.


University of Wurzburg, Department of Neuroradiology, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 Wuerzburg, Federal Republic of Germany.

Echo-planar imaging (EPI) generates considerable acoustic noise by rapidly oscillating gradients. In functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI), unshielded EPI sounds activate the auditory system inasmuch as it is responsive. Instead of attenuating EPI noise, our goal was to utilize it for auditory FMRI by omitting read-outs from the pulse sequence's gradient train. Read-out gradient pulses are the primary noise determinant of EPI introducing its peak sound level and fundamental frequency peak which inversely relates to twice the echo spacing. Using model-driven analyses, we demonstrate that withholding read-outs from EPI is suited to reliably evoke hemodynamic blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal modulations bilaterally in the auditory cortex of normal hearing subjects (n=60). To investigate the utility of EPI read-out omissions for auditory FMRI at an individual subject's level, we compare traditional Family-Wise-Error-Rate (FWER)-corrected maximum height thresholding to spatial mixture modeling (SMM). With the latter, appropriate bilateral auditory activations were confirmed in 95% of the individuals, whereas FWER-based voxel thresholding detected such activations in up to 72%. We illustrate the applicability of this novel EPI modification for clinical diagnostic purposes and report on a patient with bilateral large vestibular aqueducts (LVAs) and severe binaural sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). In this particular case, read-out omissions from EPI were used to assert residual audition prior to cochlear implantation (CI). Requiring no specific task compliance or sophisticated stimulation equipment other than the scanner on its own, FMRI by read-out omissions lends itself to auditory investigations and to quickly probe audition.

PreMedline Identifier: 17188900

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Enamel defects and ectopic eruption in a child with Usher syndrome and a cochlear implant.

Int J Paediatr Dent. 2007 Jan;17(1):57-61.

Balmer R, Fayle SA.


Division Child Dental Health, Leeds Dental Institute, Leeds, UK.

Background. Usher syndrome is a genetic disorder consisting of progressive loss of vision and hearing. Case Report. The paper describes an 8-year-old girl with Usher syndrome type I who presented with generalized defects of the permanent dentition and ectopic eruption of the right maxillary first permanent molar. A cochlear implant had been fitted for her hearing loss, and the report reviews the implications of this device for dental treatment. The impacted first permanent molar was encouraged to erupt into the correct position by shaving the distal surface of the second primary molar. Conclusion. This is the first report to describe in detail an association between Usher syndrome and enamel defects.

PreMedline Identifier: 17181580

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Neurostimulation & Hearing Loss

Neuromodulation & Hearing Loss
Inner Ear
Surgery & Inner Ear

Sigmoid sinus diverticulum: a new surgical approach to the correction of pulsatile tinnitus.

Otol Neurotol. 2007 Jan;28(1):48-53.

Otto KJ, Hudgins PA, Abdelkafy W, Mattox DE.


Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.

OBJECTIVE: Tinnitus represents a bothersome symptom not infrequently encountered in an otology practice. Tinnitus can be the harbinger of identifiable middle or inner ear abnormality; but more frequently, tinnitus stands alone as a subjective symptom with no easy treatment. When a patient complains of tinnitus that is pulsatile in nature, a thorough workup is indicated to rule out vascular abnormality. We report of a new diagnostic finding and method of surgical correction for select patients with pulsatile tinnitus. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case series. SETTING: Tertiary care, academic referral center. PATIENTS: Among patients seen for complaints of unilateral or bilateral pulsatile tinnitus, five were identified with diverticula of the sigmoid sinus. All patients had normal in-office otoscopic, tympanometric, and audiometric evaluations. Patients with paragangliomas or benign intracranial hypertension were excluded. Auscultation of the pinna or mastoid revealed an audible bruit in most patients. All patients underwent computed tomographic angiography of the temporal bone. In all cases, this finding was on the side coincident with the tinnitus. INTERVENTION: Three of five patients underwent transmastoid reconstruction of the sigmoid sinus. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Patients were evaluated clinically for presence or absence of pulsatile tinnitus after reconstructive surgery. RESULTS: All patients electing surgical reconstruction had immediate and lasting resolution of the tinnitus. CONCLUSION: Surgical reconstruction can provide lasting symptom relief for patients with pulsatile tinnitus and computed tomographic evidence of a sigmoid sinus diverticulum.

PreMedline Identifier: 17195746

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Intracranial aspergillosis involving the internal auditory canal and inner ear in an immunocompetent patient.

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2007 Jan;28(1):138-40.

Cho YS, Lee DK, Hong SD, Oh WS.


Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea.

SUMMARY: We report the MR imaging findings in a case of intracranial aspergillosis involving the internal auditory canal (IAC) and inner ear in an immunocompetent patient. The presence of rim enhancement of the vestibulocochlear nerve, abnormal signal intensity involving the labyrinth, and adjacent meningeal enhancement might help clinicians to make a correct diagnosis in patients with a mass in the IAC and previous history of ear surgery.

PreMedline Identifier: 17213442

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Cochlear Implant & Inner Ear

Neurotrophin and Trk neurotrophin receptors in the inner ear of Salmo salar and Salmo trutta.

J Anat. 2007 Jan;210(1):78-88.

Catania S, Germana A, Cabo R, Ochoa-Erena FJ, Guerrera MC, Hannestad J, Represa J, Vega JA.


Dipartimento di Morfologia, Biochimica, Fisiologia e Produzione Animale, Universita di Messina, Italy.

Neurotrophins (NTs) and their signal transducing Trk receptors play a critical role in the development and maintenance of specific neuronal populations in the nervous system of higher vertebrates. They are responsible for the innervation of the inner ear cochlear and vestibular sensory epithelia. Neurotrophins and Trks are also present in teleosts but their distribution in the inner ear is unknown. Thus, in the present study, we used Western-blot analysis and immunohistochemistry to investigate the expression and cell localization of both NTs and Trk receptors in the inner ear of alevins of Salmo salar and Salmo trutta. Western-blot analysis revealed the occurrence of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), but not nerve growth factor (NGF), as well as all three Trk receptors, i.e. TrkA, TrkB and TrkC, the estimated molecular weights of which were similar to those expected for mammals. Specific immunoreactivity for neurotrophins was detected mainly in the sensory epithelia. In particular, BDNF immunoreactivity was found in the maculae of the utricle and saccule, whereas NT-3 immunoreactivity was present in the sensory epithelium of the cristae ampullaris. As a rule the sensory epithelia of the inner ear lacked immunoreactivity for Trks, thus excluding possible mechanisms of autocrinia and/or paracrinia. By contrast, overlapping subpopulations of neurons in the statoacoustic ganglion expressed TrkA (about 15%), TrkB (about 65%) and TrkC (about 45%). The present results demonstrate that, as in mammals and birds, the inner ear of teleosts expresses the components of the neurotrophin-Trk system, but their roles remain to be elucidated.

PreMedline Identifier: 17229285

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Dan is required for normal morphogenesis and patterning in the developing chick inner ear.

Dev Growth Differ. 2007 Jan;49(1):13-26.

Yamanishi T, Katsu K, Funahashi J, Yumoto E, Yokouchi Y.


Division of Pattern Formation, Department of Organogenesis, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan.

During vertebrate inner ear development, compartmentalization of the auditory and vestibular apparatuses along two axes depends on the patterning of transcription factors expressed in a region-specific manner. Although most of the patterning is regulated by extrinsic signals, it is not known how Nkx5.1 and Msx1 are patterned. We focus on Dan, the founding member of the Cerberus/Dan gene family that encodes BMP antagonists, and describe its function in morphogenesis and patterning. First, we confirmed that Dan is expressed in the dorso-medial region of the otic vesicle that corresponds to the presumptive endolymphatic duct and sac (ed/es). Second, we used siRNA knockdown to demonstrate that depletion of Dan induced both a severe reduction in the size of the ed/es and moderate deformities of the semicircular canals and cochlear duct. Depletion of Dan also caused suppression of Nkx5.1 in the dorso-lateral region, suppression of Msx1 in the dorso-medial region, and ectopic induction of Nkx5.1 and Msx1 in the ventro-medial region. Most of these phenotypes also appeared following misexpression of the constitutively active form of BMP receptor type Ib. Thus, Dan is required for the normal morphogenesis of the inner ear and, by inhibiting BMP signaling, for the patterning of the transcription factors Nkx5.1 and Msx1.

PreMedline Identifier: 17227341

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Neurostimulation & Inner Ear

Neuromodulation & Inner Ear
 
 

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